There are five different OS Architectures discussed in the study guide. The first is monolithic, where all OS procedures run in kernel mode. Next is the layered architecture, where the processes run in kernel mode, but in addition, implement a hierarchical model. In the microkernel architecture, only core processed run in kernel mode. The remainder of the processes run in in what is known as user mode. The final OS architecture discussed in the CISSP exam guide is the Hybrid microkernel. In this architecture, all operating system processes run in kernel mode, but core process have a specified microkernel or run within a client/server model.
Important to note that there days the terms monolithic OS and monolithic kernel are used in the industry interchangeably.
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